Conditions
This is the part of Shrinkopedia that covers diagnosable mental health conditions in full. Each entry takes one diagnosis and explains it from the ground up: what it is, how it tends to start, what it looks like day to day, how clinicians actually diagnose it, and what helps. It's written for the person trying to understand a diagnosis they or someone close to them has received, and for anyone who wants a clear, accurate picture rather than a scattered one.
Every condition entry is researched from primary sources, including the DSM-5-TR, the ICD-11, NICE guidance, the National Institute of Mental Health, and Cochrane systematic reviews. We write it in plain language, and the editorial team led by Dr. Shariq Refai reviews each entry before it's published. Where the evidence behind a claim is solid, we say so. Where it's still unsettled, we say that too. Every entry carries an evidence-strength rating of Strong, Mixed, or Limited, so you can tell how confident the field is about what you're reading.
Browse the list below or use the filter to jump to a specific condition. Each entry links out to the symptoms that tend to come with it, the treatments used for it, and the terms worth knowing, so you can follow a diagnosis into the wider picture instead of reading it in isolation.
74 entries
Acute stress disorder
A trauma-related condition that can appear in the days after a traumatic event, with symptoms like PTSD that last from 3 days to 1 month.
Mixed ConditionADHD
What ADHD is, how it shows up in children and adults, and what treatment looks like.
Strong ConditionADHD vs autism
How ADHD and autism differ, where they overlap, and why so many people meet criteria for both.
Strong ConditionAdjustment disorder
Emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to a clear stressor, more than ordinary stress but not major depression.
Mixed ConditionAgoraphobia
An anxiety disorder defined by intense fear of situations where escape might be hard, or help unavailable, if panic strikes.
Strong ConditionAlcohol use disorder
What alcohol use disorder actually is under DSM-5-TR, why medication-based treatment works, and what evidence-based recovery looks like.
Strong ConditionAnorexia nervosa
What anorexia nervosa is under DSM-5-TR, why it isn't about food or vanity, and what evidence-based treatment looks like across ages.
Strong ConditionAntisocial personality disorder
What antisocial personality disorder is under DSM-5-TR, how it differs from psychopathy and from ordinary rule-breaking, and what treatment can and can't do.
Mixed ConditionARFID (avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder)
An eating disorder where someone limits what or how much they eat for reasons other than body image, like sensory issues or fear of choking.
Limited ConditionAutism spectrum disorder
A lifelong neurodevelopmental difference in social communication and in behavior, interests, and senses.
Strong ConditionAvoidant personality disorder
What avoidant personality disorder is under DSM-5-TR, how it differs from social anxiety and from ordinary shyness, and what evidence-based treatment looks like.
Mixed ConditionBinge eating disorder
What binge eating disorder is under DSM-5, how it differs from bulimia and from overeating, and what evidence-based treatment looks like.
Strong ConditionBipolar disorder
What bipolar disorder is, how mania and depression show up, bipolar I versus II, and what treatment looks like.
Strong ConditionBipolar disorder vs borderline personality disorder
How bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder actually differ, why they get confused, and what treatment looks like for each.
Strong ConditionBipolar I vs bipolar II
How bipolar I and bipolar II differ, what mania versus hypomania actually means, and why bipolar II is not "milder." Psychiatrist-reviewed.
Strong ConditionBody dysmorphic disorder
A condition defined by a painful preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance that others don't see, or see as slight.
Strong ConditionBorderline personality disorder
A pattern of instability in emotions, self-image, and relationships, with marked impulsivity.
Strong ConditionBulimia nervosa
What bulimia nervosa is, how it differs from binge eating disorder and anorexia, why it's often hidden, and what treatment looks like.
Strong ConditionBurnout
A state of exhaustion, mental distance from work, and reduced effectiveness from chronic workplace stress.
Mixed ConditionCannabis use disorder
What cannabis use disorder is, how high-potency products changed the risk picture, and what evidence-based treatment can offer.
Mixed ConditionComplex PTSD
A trauma diagnosis in the WHO's ICD-11 that can follow prolonged, repeated trauma.
Mixed ConditionDelirium
Sudden confusion and trouble paying attention, caused by a medical problem.
Mixed ConditionDelusional disorder
A psychotic condition built around one or more fixed false beliefs lasting a month or more, while the rest of life often runs fairly normally.
Limited ConditionDependent personality disorder
What dependent personality disorder is, how it differs from culturally expected interdependence, and what evidence-based treatment can offer.
Mixed ConditionDepersonalization-derealization disorder
What depersonalization-derealization disorder is, what triggers it, and what treatment helps.
Mixed ConditionDepression vs burnout
How depression and burnout differ, why they overlap, and how to know when it is one, the other, or both.
Strong ConditionDissociative amnesia
What dissociative amnesia is, how it differs from organic memory loss and malingering, and what evidence-based treatment looks like.
Mixed ConditionDissociative identity disorder
What dissociative identity disorder actually is under DSM-5-TR, why social media misrepresents it, and what evidence-based phase-based treatment looks like.
Mixed ConditionDMDD (disruptive mood dysregulation disorder)
A childhood condition of severe, frequent temper outbursts and a constantly irritable mood in between.
Limited ConditionEating disorders
What eating disorders are, the main types, the myths that delay help, and why recovery is possible.
Strong ConditionGambling disorder
Gambling that keeps going despite serious harm to money, relationships, or health.
Mixed ConditionGeneralized anxiety disorder
What generalized anxiety disorder is, how it differs from everyday worry, the symptoms, and what treatment helps.
Strong ConditionGrief
The natural response to loss, especially a death.
Mixed ConditionHealth anxiety
A persistent preoccupation with fear of having or developing a serious illness.
Strong ConditionHistrionic personality disorder
What histrionic personality disorder is, why the diagnosis itself is controversial, and what evidence-based treatment can offer.
Limited ConditionHoarding disorder
A condition marked by persistent difficulty discarding possessions, leading to clutter that disrupts living spaces and causes distress.
Mixed ConditionInsomnia disorder
A sleep-wake disorder of persistent trouble falling or staying asleep despite enough opportunity, with real daytime effects.
Strong ConditionIntellectual disability
What intellectual disability is under current criteria, how the diagnosis moved beyond IQ alone, and what supports enable full lives.
Mixed ConditionIntermittent explosive disorder
Repeated outbursts of anger or aggression far out of proportion to what set them off.
Limited ConditionLearning disorders
What specific learning disorders are, how they differ from intellectual disability, and what evidence-based support looks like.
Mixed ConditionMajor depression vs persistent depressive disorder
How major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia) differ, why they often coexist, and what treatment looks like for each.
Strong ConditionMajor depressive disorder
What depression really is, the symptoms to know, why it happens, and what treatment looks like.
Strong ConditionNarcissistic personality disorder
What narcissistic personality disorder actually is under DSM-5-TR, how it differs from ordinary self-focus, and what evidence-based treatment looks like when someone is willing to engage.
Mixed ConditionNarcolepsy
What narcolepsy is, the difference between Type 1 and Type 2, and how modern treatments work.
Strong ConditionObsessive-compulsive disorder
How OCD works, the obsession-compulsion cycle, what intrusive thoughts mean, and why treatment like ERP helps.
Strong ConditionObsessive-compulsive personality disorder
What obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is, why it's not the same as OCD, and what evidence-based treatment can offer.
Mixed ConditionObstructive sleep apnea
What obstructive sleep apnea is, why it matters for mental health, and how CPAP and other treatments work.
Strong ConditionOCD vs OCPD
OCD and OCPD share a name but are two different conditions.
Strong ConditionOpioid use disorder
What opioid use disorder is, why medications for OUD save lives, and how naloxone and harm reduction fit in.
Strong ConditionOppositional defiant disorder
A childhood pattern of angry mood, arguing, defiance, and spite that goes well beyond normal misbehavior.
Strong ConditionPanic attack vs anxiety attack
How panic attacks and anxiety attacks differ, why the terms get mixed up, and what actually helps for each.
Strong ConditionPanic disorder
What panic disorder is, why attacks feel dangerous but aren't, how avoidance grows, and what treatment helps.
Strong ConditionParanoid personality disorder
What paranoid personality disorder is, how it differs from paranoid delusions in schizophrenia, and why engagement is the hardest part of treatment.
Limited ConditionParasomnias
What parasomnias are, why REM behavior disorder matters for future neurological disease, and what treatment looks like.
Mixed ConditionPerinatal anxiety
What perinatal anxiety is, how common it is, and what evidence-based treatment during pregnancy and postpartum looks like.
Mixed ConditionPerinatal OCD
What perinatal OCD is, why intrusive harm thoughts don't mean risk to the baby, and what evidence-based treatment can offer.
Mixed ConditionPersistent depressive disorder
A long-lasting form of depression, present most days for two years or more.
Strong ConditionPost-traumatic stress disorder
What PTSD is, the four symptom groups, why trauma stays stuck, and how trauma-focused treatment helps.
Strong ConditionPostpartum depression
What postpartum depression is, how it differs from the baby blues, the symptoms, and what treatment helps.
Strong ConditionPostpartum psychosis
What postpartum psychosis is, why it's a psychiatric emergency, and how it's treated.
Mixed ConditionPremenstrual dysphoric disorder
A severe, cyclical depressive disorder tied to the menstrual cycle, with marked mood symptoms in the week or so before a period that ease soon after it starts.
Strong ConditionPTSD vs complex PTSD
How PTSD and complex PTSD differ, why the distinction is real, and what treatment looks like for each.
Strong ConditionRestless legs syndrome
What restless legs syndrome is, why iron and dopamine matter, and what evidence-based treatment can offer.
Mixed ConditionSchizoaffective disorder
What schizoaffective disorder is, how it differs from schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and what evidence-based treatment can offer.
Mixed ConditionSchizoid personality disorder
What schizoid personality disorder is, how it differs from autism and introversion, and what evidence-based care can look like.
Limited ConditionSchizophrenia
What schizophrenia is, the symptoms and the myths, how psychosis works, and why recovery is real.
Strong ConditionSchizotypal personality disorder
What schizotypal personality disorder is, how it sits on the schizophrenia spectrum, and what evidence-based care can offer.
Mixed ConditionSeasonal affective disorder
Depressive episodes that recur at a certain time of year, most often fall and winter, with remission otherwise.
Mixed ConditionSocial anxiety disorder
How social anxiety differs from shyness, what it feels like, why avoidance keeps it going, and what treatment helps.
Strong ConditionSomatic symptom disorder
A condition where distressing physical symptoms come with excessive thoughts and behaviors about them that disrupt daily life.
Mixed ConditionSpecific phobia
A marked, lasting fear of a particular object or situation, out of proportion to the real danger.
Strong ConditionSubstance use disorder
What substance use disorder is, why it's not a moral failing, how it changes the brain, and what treatment helps.
Strong ConditionTourette syndrome
What Tourette syndrome is, how it differs from other tic disorders, and what evidence-based treatment looks like.
Mixed ConditionTrichotillomania (hair-pulling disorder)
Repeated hair pulling that leads to noticeable hair loss and is hard to stop.
MixedNo entries match that filter.