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Terms

This part of Shrinkopedia explains the recurring concepts and vocabulary of psychiatry. These are the ideas that come up again and again once you start reading about mental health, such as comorbidity, the biopsychosocial model, remission, or the difference between a sign and a symptom. Each entry is a proper explanation, not a one-line dictionary definition. It tells you what the concept means, why it matters, and how it shapes the way conditions are understood and treated. It's for anyone who wants the language of the field to actually make sense.

Every term entry is researched from primary sources, including the DSM-5-TR, the ICD-11, NICE guidance, the National Institute of Mental Health, and Cochrane systematic reviews. We write it in plain language, and the editorial team led by Dr. Shariq Refai reviews each entry before it's published. Where a concept is well established, we say so, and where it's debated or evolving, we say that as well. Every entry carries an evidence-strength rating of Strong, Mixed, or Limited.

Browse the list below or use the filter to find a concept. Each entry links out to the conditions, symptoms, and treatments where the concept shows up, so a single idea connects to the places it actually matters across the encyclopedia.

30 entries

Term

Attachment styles

A framework describing patterns in how people connect with and rely on others.

Mixed
Term

Attention and Mental Health

How mental health shapes attention, why focus falters under anxiety, low mood, and stress, and when trouble concentrating is worth taking seriously.

Mixed
Term

Augmentation

What augmentation means in psychiatry, when it's used, and how it differs from switching or combining medications.

Strong
Term

Biopsychosocial model

What the biopsychosocial model is, why it shapes modern psychiatric practice, and its limits.

Strong
Term

Boundaries

The limits you set around what you'll accept in relationships and around your time, energy, and space.

Mixed
Term

Cognitive distortions

Habitual, biased thinking patterns that distort how a situation is read, usually negatively.

Mixed
Term

Comorbidity

What comorbidity means in psychiatry, why most people with a mental health condition have more than one, and why that changes how treatment gets planned.

Strong
Term

Coping skills

The thoughts and actions people use to manage stress and hard emotions.

Mixed
Term

Cortisol

The main output of the HPA axis.

Strong
Term

Differential diagnosis

What differential diagnosis means in psychiatry, why it matters more than a single label, and how clinicians actually work through it.

Strong
Term

Dissociation

What dissociation is, why it happens, the range from ordinary spacing out to serious clinical dissociation, and when it's worth talking to someone.

Strong
Term

Distress tolerance

The capacity to survive a moment of intense emotional pain without making it worse.

Mixed
Term

Emotional regulation

The processes by which people influence which emotions they have, when, and how they experience and express them.

Mixed
Term

Fight-or-flight

The body's rapid, automatic response to a perceived threat.

Strong
Term

First-line treatment

What first-line, second-line, and third-line treatments mean, and how psychiatrists decide the sequence.

Strong
Term

Grounding

Simple techniques for bringing your attention back to the present when you feel overwhelmed, panicky, or dissociated.

Mixed
Term

HPA axis

The central stress-response system that connects the brain to the adrenal glands via a hormonal cascade.

Strong
Term

Hypervigilance

A state of heightened scanning for danger, with the brain's threat-detection turned up too high.

Mixed
Term

Neuroplasticity

The brain's capacity to change its structure and function in response to experience, learning, and injury.

Mixed
Term

Primary versus secondary

What primary and secondary mean in psychiatric diagnosis, and why the distinction shapes treatment.

Strong
Term

Prodrome

What a prodrome is, why it matters clinically, and how it shows up in mood, psychotic, and other conditions.

Strong
Term

Relapse

What relapse means in psychiatry, how it differs from recurrence, and what actually helps prevent it.

Strong
Term

Remission

What remission means in psychiatry, how it differs from recovery and from cure, and why the distinction matters for treatment planning.

Strong
Term

Resilience

The capacity to adapt and recover in the face of stress, adversity, or trauma.

Mixed
Term

Rumination

Rumination is replaying the same problem without resolution.

Strong
Term

Self-compassion

Treating yourself with the kindness you'd offer a good friend who was struggling, rather than harsh criticism.

Mixed
Term

Stigma

The negative attitudes and treatment aimed at people with a mental health condition.

Mixed
Term

Sympathetic nervous system

The branch of the nervous system that switches the body into action, speeding the heart, sharpening alertness, and priming the muscles.

Strong
Term

Treatment resistance

What treatment resistance means in psychiatry, how it's defined, and what the next steps are when standard treatment hasn't worked.

Strong
Term

Trigger

Something that sets off a strong emotional or physical reaction tied to a past experience or condition.

Mixed
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